Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7
Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7
In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (from Greek ξύλον (xylon) ‘wood‘;[1][2] IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) is any of three organic compounds with the formula (CH3)2C6H4. They are derived from the substitution of two hydrogen atoms with methyl groups in a benzene ring; which hydrogens are substituted determines which of three structural isomers results. It is a colorless, flammable, slightly greasy liquid of great industrial value.[3]
The mixture is referred to as both xylene and, more precisely, xylenes. Mixed xylenes refers to a mixture of the xylenes plus ethylbenzene. The four compounds have identical molecular formulas, C8H10. Typically the four compounds are produced together by various catalytic reforming and pyrolysis methods.[4]
Occurrence and production
Xylenes are an important petrochemical produced by catalytic reforming and also by coal carbonisation in the manufacture of coke fuel. They also occur in crude oil in concentrations of about 0.5–1%, depending on the source. Small quantities occur in gasoline and aircraft fuels.
Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as reformate.
Several million tons are produced annually.[3] In 2011, a global consortium began construction of one of the world’s largest xylene plants in Singapore.
Xylene is a blend of the three isomers of xylene, namely ortho, meta and paraxylene. This colorless liquid is highly volatile and has a transparent structure consisting of two methyls (CH3) attached to a benzene ring (C6H6). The isomers differ in the position of the methyl component, resulting in different physical and chemical properties. Xylene is one of the top 30 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume. Xylene is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber and leather industries. It is also used as a cleaning agent, paint thinner and in paints and varnishes.
IDENTIFIERS
Chemical Name
Xylene
CAS #
1330-20-7
EC #
215-535-7
Molecular Formula
C8H10
InChI Key
IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synonyms
dimethylbenzene I; Dimethylbenzol I; methyl toluene; Dimethyl Benzene; Methyl Toluene; Xylene Mixed Isomers; Xylitol; Xylol
CLASSIFICATIONS
Product Group 1
Aromatics
Product Group 2
Lubricants & Greases, HI&I, CASE
PROPERTIES
Appearance
solid or powder form
Color (APHA)
Max: 20
Distillation Range (C)
Max: 5
Distillation, DP (C)
Max: 143
Distillation, IBP (C)
Min: 136
Specific Gravity (60/60F)
Min: 0.865 – Max: 0.875
History
Xylene was first isolated and named in 1850 by the French chemist Auguste Cahours (1813–1891), having been discovered as a constituent of wood tar.[6]
Industrial production
Xylenes are produced by the methylation of toluene and benzene.[3][7] Commercial or laboratory-grade xylene produced usually contains about 40–65% of m-xylene and up to 20% each of o-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene.[8][9][10] The ratio of isomers can be shifted to favor the highly valued p-xylene via the patented UOP-Isomar process[11] or by transalkylation of xylene with itself or trimethylbenzene. These conversions are catalyzed by zeolites.[3]
ZSM-5 is used to facilitate some isomerization reactions leading to mass production of modern plastics.
Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7Buy Xylene (dimethylbenzene xylol) Cas 1330-20-7
Properties
The physical properties of the isomers of xylene differ slightly. The melting point ranges from −47.87 °C (−54.17 °F) (m-xylene) to 13.26 °C (55.87 °F) (p-xylene)—as usual, the para isomer’s melting point is much higher because it packs more readily in the crystal structure. The boiling point for each isomer is around 140 °C (284 °F). The density of each isomer is around 0.87 g/mL (7.3 lb/US gal; 8.7 lb/imp gal) and thus is less dense than water. The odor of xylene is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm.[9]
| Xylene isomers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | ||||
| Common name | Xylenes (mixture) |
o-Xylene | m-Xylene | p-Xylene |
| Systematic name | Dimethylbenzene | 1,2-Dimethylbenzene | 1,3-Dimethylbenzene | 1,4-Dimethylbenzene |
| Other names | Xylol | o-Xylol; Orthoxylene |
m-Xylol; Metaxylene |
p-Xylol; Paraxylene |
| Molecular formula | C8H10 | |||
| SMILES | Cc1c(C)cccc1 | Cc1cc(C)ccc1 | Cc1ccc(C)cc1 | |
| Molar mass | 106.16 g/mol | |||
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid | |||
| CAS number | [1330-20-7] | [95-47-6] | [108-38-3] | [106-42-3] |
| Properties | ||||
| Density and phase | 0.864 g/mL, liquid | 0.88 g/mL, liquid | 0.86 g/mL, liquid | 0.86 g/mL, liquid |
| Solubility in water | Practically insoluble | |||
| Soluble in non-polar solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons | ||||
| Melting point | −47.4 °C (−53.3 °F; 225.8 K) | −25 °C (−13 °F; 248 K) | −48 °C (−54 °F; 225 K) | 13 °C (55 °F; 286 K) |
| Boiling point | 138.5 °C (281.3 °F; 411.6 K) | 144 °C (291 °F; 417 K) | 139 °C (282 °F; 412 K) | 138 °C (280 °F; 411 K) |
| Viscosity | 0.812 cP at 20 °C (68 °F) | 0.62 cP at 20 °C (68 °F) | 0.34 cP at 30 °C (86 °F) | |
| Hazards | ||||
| SDS | Xylenes | o-Xylene Archived 2020-11-06 at the Wayback Machine | m-Xylene Archived 2020-11-06 at the Wayback Machine | p-Xylene Archived 2020-11-06 at the Wayback Machine |
| EU pictograms |    |
|||
| NFPA 704 | ||||
| Flash point | 30 °C (86 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 25 °C (77 °F) | 25 °C (77 °F) |
| H & P phrases | H225, H226, H304, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335, H412
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
|||
| RTECS number | ZE2450000 | ZE2275000 | ZE2625000 | |
| Related compounds | ||||
| Related aromatic hydrocarbons |
Toluene, mesitylene, benzene, ethylbenzene | |||
| Related compounds | Xylenols – types of phenols | |||
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
||||
Xylenes form azeotropes with water and a variety of alcohols. The azeotrope with water consists of 60% xylenes and boils at 94.5 °C.[3] As with many alkylbenzene compounds, xylenes form complexes with various halocarbons.[12] The complexes of different isomers often have dramatically different properties from each other.
Xylene is a widely used aromatic hydrocarbon solvent valued for its strong solvency, versatility, and effectiveness in dissolving resins, polymers, oils, and organic compounds. It plays a critical role in the production of paints, coatings, adhesives, inks, and cleaning agents, where its balance of solvency strength and controlled evaporation ensures both performance and efficiency. Its ability to enhance flow, finish quality, and durability makes it indispensable in industrial formulations and maintenance operations.
Beyond its function as a solvent, Xylene is a key feedstock in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), which are essential intermediates for polyester fibers, films, and plastics. It is also used to manufacture a wide range of chemical derivatives supporting industries such as textiles, automotive, packaging, and construction. With its broad application range, consistent supply, and critical role in chemical manufacturing, Xylene remains an essential raw material in modern industrial chemistry and specialty formulations.
Synonyms: Xylene, 1330-20-7, Dimethylbenzene, Xylol
Characteristics:
IUPAC Name: Dimethylbenzene (mixture of isomers)
CAS Number: 1330-20-7
UN Number: 1307
Recommended Use / Industries:
- Solvent for coatings, adhesives, and inks
- Raw material for terephthalic acid and polyester production
- Rubber and leather processing
- Cleaning agents and degreasers
Xylene
- CAS No.
- 1330-20-7
- Chemical Name:
- Xylene
- Synonyms
- XYLENES;XyL;MIXED XYLENE;DIMETHYLBENZENE;XYLOL;xylenen;XYLENES, MIXED;NAPHTHA SOLVENT;benzene,dimethyl-;SCINTILENE COCKTAIL
- CBNumber:
- CB0130912
- Molecular Formula:
- C8H10
- Molecular Weight:
- 106.17
- MOL File:
- 1330-20-7.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- Modify Date:
- 8/25/2026 8:17:46 PM
| Melting point | -34 °C |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 137-140 °C (lit.) |
| Density | 0.86 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 3.7 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 18 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C) |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.497(lit.) |
| Flash point | 77 °F(lit.) |
| storage temp. | Flammables area |
| solubility | Chloroform (Soluble), Methanol (Slightly) |
| form | Liquid |
| color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | char. sweet odor |
| explosive limit | 7% |
| Water Solubility | <0.1 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Merck | 14,10081 |
| BRN | 1901563 |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH:TLV-TWA 20 ppm OSHA:PEL-TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) NIOSH:REL-TWA 100 ppm; REL-STEL 150 ppm |
| Dielectric constant | 10.0(Ambient) |
| Stability | Volatile, flammable and its vapors form explosive mixtures with air at room temperature. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | SOLVENT FRAGRANCE PERFUMING |
| InChI | 1S/3C8H10/c1-7-3-5-8(2)6-4-7;1-7-4-3-5-8(2)6-7;1-7-5-3-4-6-8(7)2/h3*3-6H,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | KAKOUNRRKSHVJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Cc1ccc(C)cc1.Cc2cccc(C)c2.Cc3ccccc3C |
| LogP | 3.16 at 20℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 1330-20-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 3 (Vol. 47, 71) 1999 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Xylene (1330-20-7) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | Xylene (1330-20-7) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |   GHS02,GHS07 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Warning | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H226-H312-H315-H332 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243-P280-P264-P261-P271-P303+P361+P353-P370+P378-P302+P352-P312-P362+P364-P332+P313-P304+P340-P403+P235-P501 | |||||||||
| target organs | Central nervous system,Liver,Kidney, Respiratory system | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | Xn,F | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 10-20/21-38-36/38-65-48/20 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 25-36/37-62 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | UN 1307 3/PG II/III (XYLENES) | |||||||||
| OEB | A | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 100.0 ppm; 435.0 mg/m3, STEL: 150.0 ppm; 655.0 mg/m3 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 2 | |||||||||
| RTECS | ZE2100000 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 867 °F | |||||||||
| TSCA | TSCA listed | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 3 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | II | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29024400 | |||||||||
| Storage Class | 3 – Flammable liquids | |||||||||
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 4 Dermal Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation Aquatic Chronic 3 Asp. Tox. 1 Eye Irrit. 2 Flam. Liq. 3 Skin Irrit. 2 STOT RE 2 Inhalation STOT SE 3 |
|||||||||
| Hazardous Substances Data | 1330-20-7(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 oral in rat: 4300mg/kg | |||||||||
| REACH Registrations | Active | |||||||||
| Limited Quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) | |||||||||
| Excepted Quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Xylene price More Price(31)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 534056 | Xylenes histological grade | 1330-20-7 | 500ML | ₹3226.35 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 534056 | Xylenes histological grade | 1330-20-7 | 4L | ₹8363.85 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 247642 | Xylenes ACS reagent, ≥98.5% xylenes + ethylbenzene basis | 1330-20-7 | 500ML | ₹5055.3 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 534056 | Xylenes histological grade | 1330-20-7 | 20L | ₹39065.55 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 247642 | Xylenes ACS reagent, ≥98.5% xylenes + ethylbenzene basis | 1330-20-7 | 1L | ₹7141.13 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Xylene Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Xylene is used as a solvent. In this application, the mixture of isomers is often referred to as xylenes or xylol. Solvent xylene often contains a small percentage of ethylbenzene. Like the individual isomers, the mixture is colourless, sweet smelling, and highly flammable. Application of xylene is extensive and includes, but is not limited to, printing, rubber, and leather industries.
Similarly, it is used as a cleaning agent for steel and silicon wafers. In the petroleum industry, xylene is also a frequent component of paraffin solvents, used when the tubing becomes clogged with paraffin wax. Xylene is incompatible with strong oxidisers and is known to cause fires and explosions. There are three forms of xylene in which the methyl groups vary on the benzene ring: (i) meta-xylene, (ii) ortho-xylene, and (iii) para-xylene. These forms are referred to as isomers. Xylene is a colourless, sweet-smelling liquid. Xylene occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. It is also used as a cleaning agent and a thinner for paint and in paints, in glues, in printing inks, and in varnishes. Xylene evaporates quickly from the soil and surface water into the air.
Chemical Properties
Also known as dimethylbenzene, C6H4(CH3)2 is an isomeric mixture of 0- m-, and p-xylene. It is a clear liquid with various grades having different boiling points, that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether,and used in aviation gasoline, coatings, lacquers, rubber cements, organic synthesis, and polyester resin manufacture.
Physical properties
Xylene is benzene to which two methyl groups have been added to two carbon atoms in the benzene ring. The addition of two methyl groups gives three isomers of xylene labeled according to the relative positions of the methyl groups. Ortho-xylene has methyl groups on consecutive carbons in the ring, meta-xylene’s metyl groups are separated by a single carbon bonded to hydrogen atoms, and para-xylene has the methyl groups on carbon atoms on opposite sides of the ring. The three xylene isomers are abbreviated using o-,m-, p- for ortho, meta, and para, respectively. Xylene is used both as a mixture, where it is referred to as xylenes or xylol, and as individual isomers. Because their boiling points are close, separation using distillation is difficult. Therefore isomers are separated using techniques such as recrystallization and adsorption. Xylenes are flammable, colorless liquids with a pleasant odor. Xylene was first isolated from coal tar in the mid-19th century. The name xylene comes from the Greek word for wood xulon because xylene was obtained from the distillation of wood in the absence of oxygen.
Uses
Xylene is used as a chemical feedstock in the chemical industry. Xylenes can undergooxidation where the side methyl groups are oxidized to give a carboxyl group (COOH)yielding a carboxylic acid. The particular acid produced depends on the isomer oxidized. Wheno-xylene is oxidized phthalic acid is produced, and when p-xylene is oxidized terephthalic acidresults. Terephthalic acid is one of the main feedstocks in making polyesters.Terephthalic acid reacts with ethylene glycol to form the ester polyethylene terephthalate(PET). PET is one of the most common plastics used as food and beverage containers. PETcontainers contain the recycling symbol with a number 1. PET is marketed using a numberof commercial names; the most generic of these is polyester. It is also the material known asDacron. Mylar is PET in the form of thin films. Although all three isomers of xylene are usedas chemical feedstocks, the greatest demand is for para-xylene to produce terephthalic acid.The smallest demand is for meta-xylene. Approximately 30 million tons of xylenes are usedannually worldwide.
Production Methods
Xylene is produced by catalytic reforming, and, depending on the feedstock, yields of >85% can be achieved. Commercially, xylene is also recovered from coal tar, yielding a typical mixture of about 10–20% ortho, 40–70% meta, and 10–25% para isomer. Impurities include ethylbenzene, benzene, toluene, phenol, thiophene, and pyridine (53, 438).
Definition
An organic hydrocarbon present in the light-oil fraction of crude oil. It is used extensively as a solvent. There are three isomeric compounds with this name and formula, distinguished as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene according to the positions of the methyl groups on the benzene ring.
General Description
A light colored to colorless liquid with a hydrocarbon odor. Flash point between 52 – 93°F. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors may irritate the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. High vapor concentrations may cause central nervous system depression or damage. Liquid contact may irritate eyes and skin. Prolonged liquid contact mat result in defatting and drying of the skin. Avoid ingestion.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Water insoluble.
Reactivity Profile
Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between these materials and strong oxidizing agents. They can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds. Substitution at the benzene nucleus occurs by halogenation (acid catalyst), nitration, sulfonation, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Health Hazard
Exposures to xylene cause toxicity and adverse health effects to animals and humans. Acute and chronic exposure to xylene induces adverse effects on the skin and respiratory system of animals and humans. Prolonged exposure to xylene demonstrated burning effect, drying, defatting of skin, eye irritation, lung congestion, CNS excitation, depression, mucosal hemorrhage, and mild liver damage
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. LWdly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by inhalation: olfactory changes, conjunctiva irritation, and pulmonary changes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A human eye irritant, An experimental skin and severe eye irritant. Some temporary corneal effects are noted, as well as some conjunctival irritation by instillation (adding drops to the eyes one drop at a time). Irritation can start @ 200 ppm. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also other xylene entries.
Carcinogenicity
Mixed xylene and the individual xylene isomers have tested negative in a wide variety of genotoxic assays; they are considered to be nonmutagenic. The IARC has determined that there is inadequate evidence in humans and experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of xylenes.
Purification Methods
Usual impurities are ethylbenzene, paraffins, traces of sulfur compounds and water. It is not practicable to separate the m-, and p-isomers of xylene by fractional distillation, although, with a sufficiently efficient still, o-xylene can be fractionally distilled from a mixture of isomers. Purify (and dry) by fractional distillation from LiAlH4, P2O5, CaH2 or sodium. This treatment can be preceded by shaking successively with conc H2SO4, water, aqueous 10% NaOH, water and mercury, and drying with CaCl2 for several days. Xylene can be purified by azeotropic distillation with 2-ethoxyethanol or 2-methoxyethanol, the distillate being washed with water to remove the alcohol, then dried and fractionally distilled. [Beilstein 5 H 360.]
Xylene Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemino Pharma Ltd | +91-8689897373 | Maharashtra, India | 31 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Merck Ltd | +91-2262109800 +91-2262109000 | Maharashtra, India | 272 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Baron Organics | +91-9825029778 | Gujarat, India | 13 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Krishna Solvechem Ltd. | +91-9223432224 +91-2261230213 | Maharashtra, India | 56 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd | +91-8022642230 +91-8022642239 | Karnataka, India | 7 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Ridhdhi Sidhdhi Chemicals | +91 9909006960 +91 9909006962 | Gujarat, India | 13 | 58 | Inquiry |
| S D Fine Chem Limited | +91-9323715856 | Maharashtra, India | 367 | 58 | Inquiry |
| JSK Chemicals | +919879767970 | Gujarat, India | 3745 | 58 | Inquiry |
| ANJI BIOSCIENCES | +91-9000100077 | Hyderabad, India | 429 | 58 | Inquiry |
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Applications
Terephthalic acid and related derivatives
p-Xylene is the principal precursor to terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate, both monomers used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and polyester clothing. 98% of p-xylene production, and half of all xylenes produced is consumed in this manner.[10][14] o-Xylene is an important precursor to phthalic anhydride. The demand for isophthalic acid is relatively modest, so m-xylene is rarely sought (and hence the utility of its conversion to the o– and p-isomers).
Solvent applications and industrial purposes
Xylenes are used as a solvent in printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is a common component of ink, rubber, and adhesives.[15] In thinning paints and varnishes, it can be substituted for toluene where slower drying is desired, and thus is used by conservators of art objects in solubility testing.[16] Similarly it is a cleaning agent, e.g., for steel, silicon wafers, and integrated circuits. In dentistry, xylene can be used to dissolve gutta percha, a material used for endodontics (root-canal treatments). In the petroleum industry, xylene is also a frequent component of paraffin solvents, used when the tubing becomes clogged with paraffin wax. It was formerly used in permanent markers as solvent for the ink, but was replaced with alcohol-based formulas in the early 1990s. This allowed markers to be made entirely of plastic, as there no longer was a risk of dissolving plastic. It also eliminated glass tubes in markers for storing ink, which were replaced with polyester felt or plastic tubes.
Laboratory use
Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels,[17] and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy.[18] In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent.[19] Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining. After staining, microscope slides are put in xylene prior to mounting with a coverslip.
Precursor to other compounds
In one large-scale application, para-xylene is converted to terephthalic acid. The major application of ortho-xylene is as a precursor to phthalate esters, used as plasticizer. Meta-xylene is converted to isophthalic acid derivatives, which are components of alkyd resins.[3]
Chemical properties
Generally, two kinds of reactions occur with xylenes: those involving the methyl groups and those involving the ring C–H bonds. Being benzylic and hence weakened, the C–H bonds of the methyl groups are susceptible to free-radical reactions, including halogenation to the corresponding xylene dichlorides (bis(chloromethyl)benzenes), while mono-bromination yields xylyl bromide, a tear gas agent. Oxidation and ammoxidation also target the methyl groups, affording dicarboxylic acids and the dinitriles. Electrophiles attack the aromatic ring, leading to chloro- and nitroxylenes.[3]
Health and safety
Xylene is flammable but of modest acute toxicity, with LD50 ranges from 200 to 5000 mg/kg for animals. Oral LD50 for rats is 4300 mg/kg. The principal mechanism of detoxification is oxidation to methylbenzoic acid and hydroxylation to hydroxylene.[3]
The main effect of inhaling xylene vapor is depression of the central nervous system (CNS), with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. At an exposure of 100 ppm, one may experience nausea or a headache. At an exposure between 200 and 500 ppm, symptoms can include feeling “high”, dizziness, weakness, irritability, vomiting, and slowed reaction time.[20][21]
The side effects of exposure to low concentrations of xylene (< 200 ppm) are reversible and do not cause permanent damage. Long-term exposure may lead to headaches, irritability, depression, insomnia, agitation, extreme tiredness, tremors, hearing loss, impaired concentration and short-term memory loss.[22][clarification needed] A condition called chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy, commonly known as “organic-solvent syndrome” has been associated with xylene exposure. There is very little information available that isolates xylene from other solvent exposures in the examination of these effects.[20]
Hearing disorders have been also linked to xylene exposure, both from studies with experimental animals,[23][24] as well as clinical studies.[25][26][27]
Xylene is also a skin irritant and strips the skin of its oils, making it more permeable to other chemicals. The use of impervious gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended to avoid occupational health issues from xylene exposure.[20]
Xylenes are metabolized to methylhippuric acids.[28][29] The presence of methylhippuric acid can be used as a biomarker to determine exposure to xylene.[29][30]
See also
- Alkylbenzene – Family of organic compounds
- C2-Benzenes
- Hydrodealkylation – Chemical reaction
- Transalkylation – Chemical reaction which transfers an alkyl group between molecules
- Xylene cyanol – Dye used as an electrophoretic color marker
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Xylene Technical Grade | CAS 1330-20-7 | Alliance Chemical
Xylene (CAS 1330-20-7), also sold as xylol or dimethylbenzene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent offered here in a Technical …
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Xylene | Sigma-Aldrich
534056 Xylenes histological grade Synonym (s): Xylene mixture of isomers Compare This Product CAS Number: 1330-20-7 View …
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Xylene, mixture of isomers, Multisolvent® ACS 1Liter | ScharLab
Buy Xylene, mixture of isomers, Multisolvent® ACS, CAS 1330-20-7, from ScharLab. 1Liter. Also known as Dimethylbenzene, Xylol. …
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Xylene | 1330-20-7 – ChemicalBook
Aug 25, 2026 · Volatile, flammable and its vapors form explosive mixtures with air at room temperature. Xylene is used as a solvent. …
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Xylene – DIYChemicals
Shop Xylene (Xylol) in quart through 220-gallon package sizes. Compare available quantities and current pricing at DIYChemicals.
Xylene, CAS 1330-20-7 – Interstate Chemical
CAS Number: 1330-20-7. Xylene is a widely used aromatic hydrocarbon solvent valued for its strong solvency, versatility, and …
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Xylene Supplier | CAS 1330-20-7 | GreenChem Industries
Bulk Xylene (CAS 1330-20-7) supplier and distributor for industrial buyers. Request pricing, SDS, TDS, and packaging options from …
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Xylene Supplier | ACS & Technical Grade | Alliance Chemical
Buy xylene (C8H10, dimethylbenzene, mixed isomers, CAS 1330-20-7) from Alliance Chemical in ACS Reagent and Technical …
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Buy Bulk Xylene | Pails, Drums – CORECHEM Inc.
Bulk Xylene supplier/distributor. Buy Xylene (Dimethylbenzene) in pails or drums. Order online, or call us for pricing on Xylene!
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