Buy Muscimol Cas ​2763-96-4

Muscimol is the principal psychoactive alkaloid [ ^5 ] of mushrooms in ^the Amanita group .

Muscimol acts primarily as an agonist on GABA _A receptors and possesses hallucinogenic properties .

Muscimole is produced naturally by the species Amanita muscaria , Amanita pantherina and Amanita gemmata , just like muscarine and ibotenic acid .

While present in low concentrations in the fresh mushroom, its concentration increases during drying as it is formed by decarboxylation ^[ 6 ] of ibotenic acid . This explains why it is consumed dried during shamanic ceremonies.

Muscimol substitutes for the neurotransmitter GABA , taking its place and binding to the receptor, altering electrical nerve signals. Once absorbed by the digestive tract, the blood-soluble muscimol undergoes transformations and follows the bloodstream, reaching specific areas of the brain. There, it can alter the subjective qualities of perception, thought, and emotion (hallucinations).

The psychoactive dose of muscimol is in the range of 15 to 20  mg ^[ 7 ] .

With muscimol, the signal is generated by the movement of chloride ions into and out of the neuron via channels whose passage is controlled by GABA_A receptors. These act like a tap; the opening is significantly larger when muscimol binds to the receptor, which inhibits the transmission of the electrical nerve impulse.

GABA is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter ^[ 8 ] in the nervous system ^{[citation needed]} . Muscimol produces equivalent effects because it is also a GABAA receptor agonist ^[ 9 ] . GABAA sites are found in high concentrations in the cerebral cortex , thalamic nuclei , and the granular layer of the cerebellum .

When muscimol binds to the GABA_A receptor, the receptor opens, causing an influx of chloride ions into the membrane. Muscimol increases the permeability of the chloride ion channel, thus increasing the electrical potential difference (negative inside, positive outside). In this situation, chloride ions are responsible for neuronal transmission, whereas under normal conditions, sodium ions are responsible ; this is how muscimol inhibits neuronal transmission. The resulting effect is sedation .

The affected nervous system reacts erratically, its nerves being unnecessarily and excessively stimulated. For example, the intoxicated person’s muscles contract and relax, and the slightest exertion results in exaggerated physical reactions, such as leaping enormously to overcome a small obstacle. These disturbances in the nervous system lead to hallucinations, which are symptoms characterized by the perception of something without a real object.

This inhibitory action of muscimol can be modulated by benzodiazepines , which bind to the recognition site and enhance the action of muscimol by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening. This results in anticonvulsant , anxiolytic , sedative – hypnotic , and muscle-relaxant (euphoria, lightheadedness, intoxication) activities.