Buy Clobazam (benzodiazepine) Cas 22316-47-8

Clobazam (INN)^[9] is a long-acting benzodiazepine derivative sold under the brand name Frisium among others, it is used as a sedative–hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant^[10] that was patented in 1968.^[11] Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. It was approved in Australia in 1970 and France in 1974 for short-term anxiety management.^[12][13] Marketing for clobazam in the treatment of epilepsy began in 1984.^[14] The primary drug-development goal was to provide greater anxiolytic, anti-obsessive efficacy with fewer benzodiazepine-related side effects.^[12] Clobazam is a unique 1,5-benzodiazepine which is used in the United States only as an anticonvulsant. It is available in other countries for the therapy of severe and disabling anxiety in addition to epilepsy. Clobazam has shown a distinct profile and addictive potential compared to the more common benzodiazepines.^[15]

In October 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration approved clobazam as an adjunctive treatment for seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in adults and children aged two years of age and older. In 2005, clobazam also received approval from Health Canada as an add-on therapy for generalized tonic–clonic, myoclonic, and focal impaired awareness seizures.^[16]

Clobazam belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. As a long-acting 1,5-benzodiazepine it’s primarily used as a sedative–hypnotic, anxiolytic, and as an adjunctive therapy in epilepsy.

As an adjunctive therapy in epilepsy, it is used in patients who have not responded to first-line drugs and in children who are refractory to first-line drugs. It is unclear if there are any benefits to clobazam over other seizure medications for children with Rolandic epilepsy or other epileptic syndromes.^[17] It is not recommended for use in children between the ages of six months and three years, unless there is a compelling need.^[18] In addition to epilepsy and severe anxiety, clobazam is approved in the United Kingdom as a short-term (2–4 weeks) adjunctive agent in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders to manage anxiety or agitation.^[18][19]

Clobazam is sometimes used for refractory epilepsies. However, long-term prophylactic treatment of epilepsy may have considerable drawbacks, most importantly decreased antiepileptic effects due to drug tolerance which may render long-term therapy less effective.^[20] Other antiepileptic drugs may therefore be preferred for the long-term management of epilepsy. Furthermore, benzodiazepines may have the drawback, particularly after long-term use, of causing rebound seizures upon abrupt or over-rapid discontinuation of therapy forming part of the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.

Clobazam is approved in Canada for add-on use in tonic–clonic, complex partial, and myoclonic seizures.^[21] Clobazam is approved for adjunctive therapy in complex partial seizures,^[22] certain types of status epilepticus, specifically the myoclonic, myoclonic–absent, simple partial, complex partial, and tonic varieties,^[23] and non-status absence seizures. It is also approved for the treatment of anxiety.

In India, clobazam is approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in epilepsy, and in acute and chronic anxiety.^[24] In Japan, clobazam is approved for adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant epilepsy featuring complex partial seizures.^[25] In New Zealand, clobazam is marketed as Frisium.^[26] In the United Kingdom clobazam (Frisium) is approved for short-term (2–4 weeks) relief of acute anxiety in patients who have not responded to other drugs, with or without insomnia and without uncontrolled clinical depression.^[18] It was not approved in the United States until October 2011, when it was approved for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people aged two years of age or older.^[27]

In the United States, clobazam is indicated for use in combination with other medicines to control seizures in people aged two years of age and older who have a specific severe form of epilepsy called Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.^[4]

Clinical efficacy and tolerability for management of chronic epilepsy and anxiety disorders has been established in multiple studies.^[28]