Buy Tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxolane Cas 109-99-9
Buy Tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxolane Cas 109-99-9
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether. It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity. It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers.[8] Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, butanone.
Production
About 200,000 tonnes of tetrahydrofuran are produced annually.[9] The most widely used industrial process involves the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 1,4-butanediol. Ashland/ISP is one of the biggest producers of this chemical route. The method is similar to the production of diethyl ether from ethanol. The butanediol is derived from condensation of acetylene with formaldehyde followed by hydrogenation.[8] DuPont developed a process, for producing THF by oxidizing n-butane to crude maleic anhydride, followed by catalytic hydrogenation.[10] A third major industrial route entails hydroformylation of allyl alcohol followed by hydrogenation to 1,4-butanediol.
Other methods
THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan.[11][12] This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan,[13] although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.
Tetrahydrofuran is an industrial chemical product for international procurement, production and formulation use. Tetrahydrofuran is a high-solvency polar ether solvent used in polymers, adhesives, coatings, pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemical synthesis.
Xinchen supports product specification confirmation, batch COA review, SDS documentation, packaging selection and export logistics coordination. For hazardous chemicals, final shipment feasibility must be confirmed according to the latest SDS, route, carrier and destination-country regulations.
Main Applications
1. Polymer and Resin Processing
Used for dissolving selected polymers, resins and elastomers in production and formulation work.
2. Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Common reaction solvent for fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis.
3. Adhesives and Coatings
Applied in specialty adhesive, coating and surface treatment systems.
4. Extraction and Reaction Medium
Used as a miscible organic solvent where strong solvency and low boiling point are required.
Typical Specifications
| Product Name | Tetrahydrofuran |
|---|---|
| Alias | THF / Oxolane |
| CAS No. | 109-99-9 |
| Purity / Grade | ≥99.9% |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid |
| Moisture / Key Impurities | Confirmed by current batch COA |
| Packaging | 180 kg drums, ISO tank or customized packaging according to shipment requirements |
| Documents | SDS, COA, TDS and export compliance documents according to product and destination requirements |
Safety and Export Notes
| Regulatory Review | Confirm product classification, destination-country import rules and end-use requirements before shipment |
|---|---|
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials according to the latest SDS |
| Handling | Use appropriate PPE, ventilation and trained chemical handling procedures |
| Shipping | Highly flammable ether solvent; peroxide formation, inhibitor status, storage time and DG shipping requirements must be reviewed. |
| Export Support | Specification review, packaging review, customs document coordination and logistics support for qualified orders |
Packaging and Supply
180 kg drums, ISO tank or customized packaging according to shipment requirements. Final packaging, label, maximum net quantity and transport document requirements should be confirmed before order confirmation.
Tetrahydrofuran/THF for Sale
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a colorless, transparent, highly volatile organic solvent with a characteristic ether-like odor. It exhibits excellent solvency for a wide range of organic compounds and is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents.
- Excellent Solvency: THF dissolves a broad range of polymers, resins, oils, waxes, and organic compounds.
- High Chemical Stability: Suitable for various chemical reactions and industrial manufacturing processes.
- Fast Evaporation Rate: Provides efficient drying performance in coatings, inks, and adhesive applications.
- Water Miscibility: Fully miscible with water, making it highly versatile in synthesis and extraction processes.
- Wide Industrial Compatibility: Compatible with many organic materials used in pharmaceutical and chemical production.
What is Tetrahydrofuran/THF Used for
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis: Widely utilized as a primary reaction solvent for Grignard reagents, hydride reductions, and lithiation reactions in manufacturing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs).
- Polymer & Spandex Raw Material: The essential monomer for producing Poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG), which is further processed into Spandex (elastane) fibers, Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), and copolyesters.
- Industrial Adhesives & Pipe Cements: A vital solvent formulation component for PVC pipe cements, vinyl-based heavy-duty industrial coatings, and polyurethane adhesives.
- Printing Inks & Surface Coatings: Used in specialized packaging gravure and flexographic inks to optimize resin solubility, printability, and ink drying rates.
FAQ of Tetrahydrofuran
Most international buyers require:
Disclaimer
This product information is for industrial reference only and does not replace the latest SDS, COA, local regulatory review or customer application testing. Users must evaluate suitability, storage, handling, transport and compliance according to their own process and destination market.
Export Packaging & Documentation
Xinchen ships industrial chemicals worldwide. Every export order is prepared with batch-specific quality documents and UN-approved packaging where required.
Available Packaging
| Solid / Powder | 25 kg fiber drum with PE liner, ~180 kg/pallet; 100–1000 kg bulk bags on request. |
| Liquid / Solution | 200 L NTC-lined steel drum (~180–220 kg net); 1000 L IBC totes; ISO tank containers on request. |
| Dangerous Goods | UN-approved packaging, palletized and shrink-wrapped; nitrogen blanketing for moisture-sensitive grades. |
Documents Provided
Trade Terms
EXW · FOB Qingdao · CIF · CFR · DAP. Container booking, vessel/truck coordination and loading supervision arranged for repeat buyers.
Send product name, CAS number, required purity / grade, quantity, destination port and preferred trade term for a firm quotation within one business day.
Technical articles and buyer guidance
- Tetrahydrofuran (THF) CAS 109-99-9: Supplier Selection Guide for Global Buyers
- Tetrahydrofuran (THF) CAS 109-99-9: Procurement Planning and Supply Chain Notes
- Tetrahydrofuran (THF) CAS 109-99-9: Buyer FAQ and Practical Procurement Notes
- Tetrahydrofuran (THF) CAS 109-99-9: Industry Use and Product Selection Notes
- Tetrahydrofuran (THF) CAS 109-99-9: SDS, COA and Export Document Checklist
- Tetrahydrofuran (THF) CAS 109-99-9: Storage, Packaging and Handling Guide
Applications
Polymerization
In the presence of strong acids, THF converts to a linear polymer called poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG), also known as polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO):
- nC4H8O→strongacid[−CH2CH2CH2CH2O−]n
![{\displaystyle n\,{\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{8}}\mathrm {O} }\quad {\xrightarrow[{{\text{strong}} \atop {\text{acid}}}]{}}\quad {\bigl [}\!\!\!{{-}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {}-{}}\!\!\!{\bigr ]}_{n}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ec263360fef59fda69155ee527d1528b2944f4f)
This polymer is primarily used to make elastomeric polyurethane fibers like spandex.[14]
As a solvent
The other main application of THF is as an industrial solvent for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and in varnishes.[8] It is an aprotic solvent with a dielectric constant of 7.6. It is a moderately polar solvent and can dissolve a wide range of nonpolar and polar chemical compounds.[15] THF is water-miscible and can form solid clathrate hydrate structures with water at low temperatures.[16]
THF has been explored as a miscible co-solvent in aqueous solution to aid in the liquefaction and delignification of plant lignocellulosic biomass for production of renewable platform chemicals and sugars as potential precursors to biofuels.[17] Aqueous THF augments the hydrolysis of glycans from biomass and dissolves the majority of biomass lignin making it a suitable solvent for biomass pretreatment.
THF is often used in polymer science. For example, it can be used to dissolve polymers prior to determining their molecular mass using gel permeation chromatography. THF dissolves PVC as well, and thus it is the main ingredient in PVC adhesives. It can be used to liquefy old PVC cement and is often used industrially to degrease metal parts.
THF is used as a component in mobile phases for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It has a greater elution strength than methanol or acetonitrile, but is less commonly used than these solvents.
THF is used as a solvent in 3D printing when printing with PLA, PETG and substantially similar filaments. It can be used to clean clogged 3D printer parts, to remove extruder lines and add a shine to the finished product as well as to solvent weld printed parts.
Laboratory use
In the laboratory, THF is a popular solvent when its water miscibility is not an issue. It is more basic than diethyl ether[18] and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.[19] Thus, while diethyl ether remains the solvent of choice for some reactions (e.g., Grignard reactions), THF fills that role in many others, where strong coordination is desirable and the precise properties of ethereal solvents such as these (alone and in mixtures and at various temperatures) allows fine-tuning modern chemical reactions.
Commercial THF contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although THF is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant such as elemental sodium, molecular sieves have been shown to be superior water scavengers.[20]
Reaction with hydrogen sulfide
In the presence of a solid acid catalyst, THF reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene.[21]
Lewis basicit
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Buy Tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxolane Cas 109-99-9
Buy Tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxolane Cas 109-99-9
Buy Tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxolane Cas 109-99-9
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Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Aliases: tetrahydrofuran; THF; oxolane; tetramethylene oxide; 1,4-epoxybutane
CAS: 109-99-9
Molecular Weight: 72.11 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O
The following are reference properties of neat THF; contractual limits are stated with the quotation and COA.
Properties: Clear, colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Freezing point: -108°C
Relative density: approximately 0.89 (20/20°C, water = 1).
Refractive index nD20: approximately 1.407 (20°C, sodium D-line).
Solubility: completely miscible with water; miscible with alcohols.
Boiling point: 66 °C
THF serves as a solvent in organic synthesis and polymer processing. It is also polymerized to PTMEG/PTMG, an intermediate for spandex fibers and polyurethane elastomers. Water limits and stabilizer content should match the reaction or polymer process.
THF is highly flammable and can form peroxides during storage. Handling, storage and transport follow the SDS for the supplied grade.
THF can be produced from 1,4-Butanediol (BDO). Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) belong to the same BDO derivatives chain. Their process roles differ from those of THF.
For cyclic ether solvent comparison, 1,4-Dioxane has a normal boiling point of about 101°C, versus about 66°C for THF. The higher boiling point changes solvent removal conditions; process compatibility and hazards require separate assessment.
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