Buy Glycopyrronium bromide (medication) Cas 51186-83-5

Glycopyrronium bromide is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group.^[7] It does not cross the blood–brain barrier and consequently has few to no central effects. It can be administered orally,^[8] intravenously, topically,^[9] or via inhalation.^[4][5][6] It is a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound.^[2] The cation, which is the active moiety, is called glycopyrronium (INN)^[10] or glycopyrrolate (USAN).

The most common side effects include irritability, flushing, nasal congestion, reduced secretions in the airways, dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention.^[7]

In September 2012, glycopyrronium was approved for medical use in the European Union.^[4] In June 2018, glycopyrronium was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat excessive underarm sweating, becoming the first drug developed specifically to reduce excessive sweating.^[11] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.^[12]

Glycopyrronium was first used in 1961 to treat peptic ulcers. Since 1975, intravenous glycopyrronium has been used before surgery to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions.^[13] It is also used in conjunction with neostigmine, a neuromuscular blocking reversal agent, to prevent neostigmine’s muscarinic effects such as bradycardia.^[14] It can be administered to raise the heart rate in reflex bradycardia as a result of a vasovagal reaction, which often will also increase the blood pressure.^[15]

It is also used to reduce excessive saliva (sialorrhea),^{[7][16][17][18]} and to treat Ménière’s disease.^[19]

It has been used topically and orally to treat hyperhidrosis, in particular, gustatory hyperhidrosis and generalized hyperhidrosis.^[20][21]

When inhaled, it is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[4][5][6] Doses for inhalation are much lower than oral ones, so that swallowing a dose will not have an effect.^[22][23]

Dry mouth, urinary retention, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and blurry vision are possible side effects of the medication.^[13]

Glycopyrronium competitively blocks muscarinic receptors,^[13][24] thus inhibiting cholinergic transmission.

Glycopyrronium bromide affects the gastrointestinal tracts, liver and kidney but has a very limited effect on the brain and the central nervous system. In horse studies, after a single intravenous infusion, the observed tendencies of glycopyrronium followed a tri-exponential equation, by rapid disappearance from the blood followed by a prolonged terminal phase. Excretion was mainly in urine and in the form of an unchanged drug. Glycopyrronium has a relatively slow diffusion rate, and in a standard comparison to atropine, is more resistant to penetration through the blood-brain barrier and placenta.^[25]